white paper 9
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The White Paper
Summary of the Assignment:
ï‚· Task: In this paper, you will write a document that provides information that an
audience can use to inform a decision.
We have read various white papers in the class this semester. White papers can be
technical papers, business benefit papers, advocacy papers, or hybrid technical/business
papers. The CANRIGHT document that we read in class described all four of these types
of white papers.
ï‚· Length: 2000-3000 words
ï‚· Graphics: at least three graphics, two of which have to be original
ï‚· Format in Citing and Listing Sources: APA
ï‚· Number and of Sources: at least five sources, at least one of which has to be obtained
through OneSearch
Brief Description of the White Paper:
In preparing for this assignment, you will want to review the following videos:
 “White Papers: An Introduction to the Genre and Its Expectations,†from the Purdue
OWL
ï‚· “What is a White Paper?” by Mak Pandit
In addition, please review sample white papers in our class, especially any samples that were
written by students.
Please note that you might have taken WRTG 394 at UMUC. In WRTG 394, the final paper is a
research-based business report. This assignment is different from the research-based business
report in WRTG 394.
In this paper for WRTG 393, you are providing background research to an audience to help the
audience make a decision on a topic. In WRTG 394, the paper is written to a specific decision-
maker about a specific problem in your workplace or community and recommends a specific
course of action. The audience and approach for the white paper in WRTG 393 is very different
from those for the research-based business report in WRTG 394.
You may take any of the following approaches:
 a white paper to an internal audience – written to individuals within an organization you
work for or are a part of. The white paper might inform them about a trend in the field
and/or to solve a problem in the organization.
 a white paper to an external audience – written to individuals in a particular industry or
field of study, but not an organization you are a part of. The white paper could address a
problem you are attempting to solve in the organization or to inform an external audience
about a relevant trend.
ï‚· a white paper promoting a new product or service to potential customers. This is an
example of a white paper to an external audience, but it features different rhetorical
considerations than the typical white paper written to an external audience does.
All three options are discussed in the Purdue OWL video mentioned above. In addition, the
video from Mak Pandit mentioned above provides excellent insight into how these approaches
would work.
Strategies to Consider for the White Paper:
Please follow these guidelines:
ï‚· have a focused topic
ï‚· write to an identified audience
o if your white paper is to an internal audience, it might have a fairly narrow
audience. For example, if you work in a hair salon and write a white paper
promoting a new billing system for your salon, the audience will probably be the
owner and manager of the hair salon.
o if your white paper is to an external audience, it could have a broad audience or a
narrow audience. For example, if you do not work for a hair salon and you write
a white paper promoting a new billing system for hair salons, the audience will
probably be the various hair salons in your neighborhood.
o if your white paper is to promote a product or service to potential customers, it
could have a fairly broad audience. For example, a white paper promoting a new
taxi service in your neighborhood has, theoretically, all residents in the
neighborhood as a potential audience.
ï‚· integrate thorough research
ï‚· make sure that you do not directly tell the audience what action it should take. Rather,
offer background information that the audience can use to make a decision. The Purdue
OWL video mentions this principle. This is one reason the video refers to the white
paper as a backgrounder report.
How to Organize the White Paper:
Please include the following sections in your white paper:
ï‚· Executive Summary
ï‚· Introduction
ï‚· Previous Approaches
ï‚· New Findings
ï‚· Conclusion
ï‚· References
In the Executive Summary, summarize your research and your purpose. The executive
summary should be a stand-alone document. It should be written in such a way that a busy
executive could read the executive summary and know exactly what the paper is about without
reading the rest of the paper.
In the Introduction, you lay the groundwork for your readers for the details that will be
introduced in the white paper. If you need to define any terms, you will do so here. You might
share an anecdote or illustration to describe why this topic is important.
In the Previous Approaches section, you will describe the approaches or strategies that have
been previously used or are currently used on the topic. For example, if your white paper is
being written to advertise a new taxi service in your area, you might review what transportation
services are provided now. You could show the challenges or problems that the current services
involve. In this section of the white paper, your use of sources will be very important. You
should integrate research to show that the problems you have identified exist.
In the New Findings section, you present perhaps the most important information in the paper.
In this section, you will describe the findings of your research and relate these findings to the
purpose of your report. You will not only provide data and research, but you will also explain
the data and research and why it is relevant to your report’s topic.
For example, if your white paper is being written to advertise a new taxi service in your area, you
might review what transportation services are provided now and show why the new taxi service
fills a need that the current set of transportation services does not fill or solves a problem that the
current set of transportation services does not solve. You will provide data and evidence for why
the new taxi service has promise in solving the problems you have identified.
In this section of the white paper, your use of sources will be very important as well. You should
integrate research to show that the problems you have identified will be solved by your new
approach.
In the Conclusion section, you review what your research shows in light of the previous
approaches used. You will not tell the audience what steps to take next. However, you will
summarize what your findings articulate.
In the References, you will list your sources that you cited in the paper. You will list them in
APA format. Please note that the lectures on white papers that you have viewed and examples of
white papers you may have read may not have used APA format. You will be using APA format
in this assignment.
You are required to have at least five sources for your paper. In addition, at least one of them is
to have been acquired through UMUC Library OneSearch.
Primary sources will be very beneficial for the paper. For example, if your white paper is being
written to advertise a new taxi service in your area, you might interview some local residents
about the problems they have with the current transportation services in the area. The
information in such interviews would be persuasive research to integrate into your white paper.
The following websites and documents offer additional guidance in writing a white paper:
ï‚· “The Art of the White Paper,” by Manuel Gordon and Gordon Graham
ï‚· “Guidelines for Writing White Papers” from Warthman Associates
Length of the Paper:
Your white paper should be 2000-3000 words in length. Again, you are required to use at least
five sources, with at least one of them being acquired through UMUC Library OneSearch.
Graphics:
Your white paper should incorporate at least three graphics. Graphic can include tables, charts,
or graphs showing some research findings. They can also be images that are relevant to the topic
of the white paper.
At least two of the graphics must be original. Original graphics can include photos taken by you;
tables, charts, or graphs developed by you; or screen captures showing a function on your
computer (not a screen capture of an image off of the web).
To see examples of graphics used in white papers, see the Purdue OWL video, “White Papers:
An Introduction to the Genre and Its Expectations,” at the 3:27 mark, at the 5:29 mark, at the
6:58 mark, at the 7:01 mark, at the 7:11 mark, at the 7:43 mark, and at the 7:58 mark.
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