Business and Society

Need as soon as possible:1)   Which of the following represent types of interests?a)   Advocacy groupsb)   Special interestc)   Activist groupsd)   All of the above2)  Which of the following is not an organized interest group that directly impacts the automobile industry?a) United Auto Workersb) Trial lawyersc) American Association of Automobile Manufacturersd) Mothers Against Drunk Driving3)   Which of the following is not a primary public institution in the nonmarket environment?a)   Legislaturesb)   The executive branchc)   The World Courtd)   Administrative agencies4)   Which of the following is a powerful force for providing information to officeholders regarding the likely consequences of policy alternative for their constituents and the public more broadly?a)   United Auto Workersb)   Newspapers from advocates of some positionc)   Lobbyingd)   None is correct5)    Which one of the following makes up the Administrative and regulatory agencies arena in which nonmarket issues for the automobile industry are addressed?a)   Congressb)   Environmental Protection Agencyc)   European Uniond)   All of the above6)    Which auto company was targeted by the environmental groups seeking to mobilize the public to support greater fuel economy?a)   General Motorsb)   Hummerc)   Toyotad)   Saturn7)    Which of the following is NOT a source of nonmarket issues?a)   Moral concernsb)   Institutional changec)   Interest group activityd)   Crash of the stock market8)   What is the following new theory called: ‘under which firms could be held liable if their stock prices fell significantly when the firms’ projections of future earnings had been favorable?a)   Fraud on the marketb)   Fraud on the nonmarketc)   The common factord)   Collective deception9)   In terms of strategy and nonmarket issue life cycle, Nike found itself reacting to what      rather than shaping the development of the issue?a)   The government onlyb)   Their own culturec)   Others’ actionsd)   None are correct10) Nonmarket issue life cycle and strategy ranges from what to what on the continuum of time?a)   Issue identification; enforcementb)   Interest group formation; enforcementc)   Legislation; administrationd)   Issue identification; administration11) The most effective means of integrating nonmarket strategies and market strategies is      to what?a)   Consider both strategiesb)   Consider only nonmarket strategiesc)   Consider only market strategiesd)   Consider neither but come up with new strategies12) ______ is a foundation for market or competitive strategy because it is a source of competitive advantage.a)   Timingb)   Lobbyingc)   Positioningd)   Marketing13) Nonmarket positioning is influenced by a firm’sa)   finances.b)   market strategy.c)   customers.d)   competition.14) What was the primary concern for eBay in its positioning for a certain type of space?a)   Marketb)   Consumerc)   Legald)   Moral15) The collection of diverse interests, viewpoints, and preferences of the individuals in society is known as what?a)   Public individualialityb)   Common sensec)   Public sentimentd)   Public wants and demands16) BP managed its environment in many ways. One way that it solidified its positioning      relative to the natural environment was to what?a)   Move away from oil production and distribution of gasolineb)   Change its symbol and sloganc)   Join the Green Partyd)   Appoint only environmentalists to its Board of Directors17) Law-making and rule-making take place in what type of space?a)   Socialb)   Legalc)   Politicald)   Commercial18) What space has Microsoft largely ignored, relying instead on its aggressive approach      to markets?a)   Legalb)   Public sentimentc)   Politicald)   Nonmarket19) Positioning can also have its perils. Which of the following companies has been lobbied heavily to increase its commitment to its own causes?a)   Xeroxb)   GMc)   Microsoftd)   Starbucks20) Firms deploy nonmarket capabilities to do what?a)   Add valueb)   Beat the competitionc)   Create new marketsd)   Try new strategies21) Which of the following are parts of the framework for the analysis of nonmarket is-      sues?a)   Screeningb)   Analysisc)   Choiced)   All of the above22) The societal significance perspective of news media coverage assumes the following roles, except:  a)   maintaining democracyb)   the First Amendment protects the news media in assuming its role in the societyc)   informing citizens of unjust behaviord)   protecting the government, the president and the Congress from themselves23) Using the Audience Interest/Societal Significance continuum, which of the following rates highest on both?a)   Povertyb)   Environmental protectionc)   International traded)   The economy24) Which of the following makes an issue more newsworthy?a)   The degree of urgencyb)   A celebrity being involved with an issuec)   If the issue contains controversy or conflictd)   All are correct answers25) According to well-known journalist Edwin Newman, “What is news on television often depends on _____________?”a)   what the editor wants coveredb)   where your reporters and cameramen arec)   what the month isd)   what you covered last26)   In terms of an activists’ generic strategy, what is a low-cost method of getting information out to the public that they want to be distributed?a)   Use the news mediab)   Use television spotsc)   Use nationwide lobbying of legislaturesd)   Go with a lawsuit27)   Which of the following is not one of Greenpeace’s campaigns?a)   Ancient rain forestsb)   Climatec)   Toxinsd)   River dumping in the Amazon28)   In terms of addressing the activist environment, which of the following is the guideline for engaging in a fight?a)   Fight all outb)   Win at any costc)   Fight when you are right and can win—but be carefuld)   Fighting never gains an advantage29)   When confronted with a private nonmarket action, a natural reaction is to be _______, but a better response is to _______the claims and demands the activists make.a)   Defensive; denyb)   Defensive; evaluatec)   Welcoming; acceptd)   Offensive; reject30)   What was Environmental Defense’s (ED) concern about McDonald’s?a)   Sourcing supplies from old growth forestsb)   Practice of harvesting old timberc)   Practice of solid waste disposald)   All of the above31)   All of the following were the threats against OnBank except?a)   Direct action against the bankb)   Required regulatory approvalc)   The reporting of lending data by census trackd)   Bringing in a union32)   Why was Royal Dutch/Shell such a formidable company for Greenpeace to take on?a)   It is well-regarded in the British Isles and it has a history of fighting all comersb)   It is the largest corporation in Europe and the third largest in the worldc)   It is the third largest corporation in Europe and the sixth in worldd)   It is regarded as the best oil company in the world and consumers back it in all issues33)   What was one of Greenpeace’s principal strategies used against Royal Dutch/Shell?a)   Attracting public attention through high profile, confrontational actions that were covered by Greenpeace photographers and film crewsb)   A lawsuit filed in Walesc)   Using passive techniques to encourage a boycott of the companyd)   A sit-down strike of all of its gas stations34)   ______ media coverage can be expected when the issue at the core of the crisis is viewed as important to society and when the potential audience is large.a)   Lesserb)   Greaterc)   Biasedd)   Unbiased35) __________ involves actions by the company or government to deal with the crisis.a)   Reconciliationb)   Settlementc)   Interventiond)   Postponement36) Resolution involves turning the crisis into a manageable ________ issue.a)   operatingb)   tacticalc)   strategicd)   nonmarket37) Which of the following is NOT a component of crisis management?a)   Responseb)   Avoidancec)   Root cause analysisd)   All are components38) Which is the most important component of a crisis management program?a)   Preparednessb)   Resolutionc)   Avoidanced)   Reconciliation39) The second most important component of a crisis management program isa)   auditingb)   preparednessc)   root cause analysisd)   budgeting40) One aspect of an avoidance strategy isa)   budgetingb)   auditingc)   strategizingd)   confronting41) Which step of a crisis management program deals with identifying the cause of the      crisis?a)   Root cause analysisb)   Pareto analysisc)   Avoidance analysisd)   Confrontation analysis42) On some issues, the benefits from nonmarket action can be obtained through other means, referred to as:a)   complementsb)   substitutesc)   benefitsd)   legalistic43) In the case of the unitary tax and the location of foreign firms, which of the following represents the concept presented?a)   Substitutesb)   The unfairness of taxing foreign companies located in the United Statesc)   The benefits of taxation to foreign businessesd)   The no-way-out policy44) When the benefits from supporting a political alternative are concentrated and the benefits from opposing it are widely distributed, the supporters would have:a)   stronger incentive to take political action than the opponentsb)   weaker incentive to take political action than the opponentsc)   it is better for them not to take any actiond)   none of the above actions is advisable45) When the benefits from supporting a political alternative are widely distributed but the benefits for opposing it are concentrated, the opponents would have:a)   no incentive to undertake political action against it while its supporters have little incentive to work for its adoptionb)   strong incentive to undertake political action against itc)   a weaker incentive to undertake political action against itd)   any one of the above actions is reasonable to win46) Proposition 13, the public referendum in California, is an example of what at work?a)   Political entrepreneurshipb)   Congressional redistrictingc)   Federal mandatesd)   Failed public policy47) Nonmarket assets include which of the following?a)   Reputation of firmb)   Reputation of top managementc)   Personal relationships with institutional officeholdersd)   All are assets48) The value chain includes all but which one of the following?a)   Inbound logisticsb)   Marketing & salesc)   Suppliersd)   Operations49) Nonmarket analysis involves the following activities, EXCEPT which of the following?a)   Identifying the interests affected by an issueb)   Analyzing the demand for and the supply of political actionc)   Identifying the institutional arenas in which the issue will be addressedd)   Analyzing the financial statements of the firm50) Each of the following is seen as an asset to a firm except:a)   the firm’s reputationb)   the firm’s access to institutional actorsc)   the experience of the firmd)   the stakeholders’ views of the firm51)   Business grassroots strategy is built on corporate stakeholders as identified by what?a)   Rent chainb)   Moneyc)   Partisan politicsd)   Median voters52)   The principal vehicle for creating a majority coalition is from:a)   Collection of minoritiesb)   Large firmsc)   Those without powerd)   Anyone willing to join53)   Business coalitions are made up of three types except which of the following?a)   Peak organizationsb)   Industry organizationsc)   Ad hoc coalitionsd)   stakeholder groups54)   Which of the following peak associations focuses on the concerns of small business?a)   Small Businesses Inc.b)   Association of Small Business Concernsc)   Entrepreneurs and Small Business Organizationd)   National Federation of Independent Business.55)   Trade associations serve a variety of _____ and ______ functions.a)   market, corporateb)   market, nonmarketc)   corporate, nonmarketd)   corporate, stakeholder56)   In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court ruled what concerning limits on campaign expenditures?a)   There are definite dollar limitsb)   Any limit threatens the freedoms of speech and associationc)   A limit of $100 milliond)   A partial limit is fine to preserve the First Amendment57)   Campaign contributions are made for all but which of the following reasons?a)   Influence legislative votingb)   Obtain access to present or future officeholdersc)   Affect outcome of electionsd)   Help a CEO with his/her political future58)   In which of the following venues do managers testify?a)   Regulatory agenciesb)   Congressional committeesc)   Courtsd)   All are correct59)   The Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 requires premerger notifications to the ___ and the ___ of plans to merge.a)   DOJ; FTCb)   DOJ; FBIc)   FTC; FCCd)   There is no such provision in the law60) In 2000, what was the number of possible mergers reported under the provisions of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act?a)   None because firms do not need to report such information to the governmentb)   1,547c)   2,389d)   4,92661) Private antitrust suits appear to be going in which of the following directions?a)   Increasing substantiallyb)   Decreasing substantiallyc)   Doubling in numbers year to yeard)   Almost disappearing62) The Clayton Act has a provision for ____ damages and this provides a _____ incentive to file suits.a)   quadruple; strongb)   treble; strongc)   seven times; strongd)   only twice; weak63) If acts are said to be per se illegal, one defense allowed is the defendant did not commit the act and the second is what?a)   Defendant is irrationalb)   Defendant is unethicalc)   Prosecution is out to get the defendantd)   The defendant committed the act, but it was not unreasonable to do so64) Which of the following characteristics is not part of the Structural school of thought regarding the purpose of antitrust policy?a)   International and globalb)   Government is to protect society from economic powerc)   Competition is the best protector of consumers and economic efficiencyd)   Market is fragile and prone to failure65) Under the structural or traditional approach, it believed that in concentrated industries collusion is _____________.a)   unlikelyb)   givenc)   likelyd)   very rare66) Which of the following statements is a characteristic of the Chicago school of thought pertaining to antitrust laws?a)   Social and political as well as economic objectivesb)   Markets are resilient enough that market imperfections can be addressed through incentivesc)   Government is to protect society from economic powerd)   Market power derives from both horizontal and vertical arrangements67) The Congress exerts great influence on the regulatory agencies through which of the following means?a)   Using its budgetary and oversight authoritiesb)   Appointing the regulatory agencies administratorsc)   Using the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)d)   Using the independent commissions68) Which of the following is a cause of market imperfection?a)   Pure competitionb)   Asymmetric informationc)   Government has no intervention in the economyd)   Complete free trade69) In the case of a natural monopoly, economic theory recommends that government set the price of goods and services to be:a)   Equal to total cost of productionb)   Equal to average cost of productionc)   Equal to marginal cost of productiond)   Equal to the competitors’ price70) Which one of the following activities could be considered a nonpecuniary externality?a)   Effect of a firm’s new plant on the demand and price of laborb)   The increase in the oil price after the oil shock of the 1970’sc)   Generating pollution by driving a card)   All the above have nonpecuniary externalities71) Which of the following is not a public good?a)   National defenseb)   Radio broadcastingc)   Bridges and roadsd)   Buying a TV set from the army’s surplus store72) What term below refers to behavior induced when people do not bear full consequences for their actions?a)   Moral hazardb)   Transaction costsc)   Asymmetric informationd)   Free entry and exit into the market73) What theory predicts that regulation initially will be found where there are market      imperfections and over time will evolve to serve the interests of the regulated industry?a)   Interest groupb)   Capturec)   Flexibled)   Jurassic74) Capture theory predicts that regulation will be found where there is/are market ______.a)   perfectionb)   shiftsc)   imperfectionsd)   regularities75) ______ occurs when one group of customers pays more and another group pays less than the cost of providing their service.a)   Market imperfectionb)   Free-ridingc)   Moral hazardd)   Cross-subsidization76)   The Kyoto Protocol called for country-specific reductions in carbon dioxide emissions by:a)   2005b)   2010c)   2008d)   200677)   Which of the following countries rejected the Kyoto Protocol?a)   Russiab)   Indiac)   Chinad)   Australia78)   The EPA was established in which decade?a)   1950’sb)   1960’sc)   1970’sd)   1980’s79)   How many employees did the EPA employ in 2008?a)   Over 4,500b)   Over 9,800c)   Over 17,000d)   Over 25,00080)   The federal government can seek both criminal and civil convictions of polluters from:a)   firms onlyb)   firms, investors and customersc)   firms and individualsd)   individuals only81)   What is the name of the account that was established to clean up toxic waste disposal sites?a)   Toxic Waste Cleanup Fundb)   Superfundc)   SuperiorFundd)   ToxWasteFund82)   Two complaints in terms of government’s demands for cleaning up toxic wastes are:a)   time and costb)   litigation costs and new standards for cleanupc)   litigation costs and retroactive liabilityd)   retroactive liability and time83)   Most of the costs of environmental protection are borne by:a)   private partiesb)   governmentc)   businessd)   all of the above84)   What is NIMBY?a)   Not In My Best Yearb)   Not In My Backyardc)   Not In Money By Yearsd)   Not Involved More By Yards85) A trademark produces what two values?a)   economic and politicalb)   economic and socialc)   economic and publicd)   social and private86) Contracts are entered into to induce _______, which refers to a change in behavior by a party.a)   assurancesb)   reliancec)   common lawd)   exchanges87) Which two of the following are ex ante concepts?a)   conditions and statutesb)   reliance and inducementsc)   duress and unconsionabilityd)   duress and contracts88) Which industry highlighted in your text seems to struggle mightily with contract problems around research findings?a)   dairyb)   automobilec)   recordd)   biotechnology89) What ex ante approach is based on the principle that more complete contracts can be more efficient?a)   liquidated damagesb)   duress damagesc)   consequential damagesd)   expectation damages90) What are torts?a)   civil rightsb)   civil wrongsc)   civil damagesd)   private wrong through public statutes91) All of the following are the basic elements of a tort except:a)   an injuryb)   an action that causes harmc)   the breach of duty owed to the injured partyd)   the breach of utilitarian ethics92) Which of the following requires the balancing of the costs of injuries and the costs of care?a)   political efficiencyb)   social efficiencyc)   economic efficiencyd)   technological efficiency93) What is the leading online advertising services firm?a)   DoubleClickb)   Ads-are-Usc)   MonsterBoardd)   WebDesign94) What is the stance of most business concerning legislating privacy rules for the Internet?a)   support stronglyb)   opposed generallyc)   neutrald)   lobbying for legislative passage95) What are some of the components of self-regulation?a)   policies and practices of companiesb)   certification by independent nongovernmental organizationsc)   personal protection by individualsd)   all are components96) What describes the European Union’s approach to Internet privacy?a)   enacted a directive (law) that strongly protected privacy for personally identifiable informationb)   decided to follow the lead of the US and not pass legislationc)   is considering strong legislationd)   believes that privacy is an individual matter97) Confidence in the Internet is a public good, but the provision of that public good is subject to a _________ problem.a)   network externalityb)   standardizationc)   free-riderd)   customization98) Why do online retailers fight tax collection for their items?a)   it is too much of a botherb)   they do not want to do the state’s workc)   it would be prohibitively expensive they contendd)   it would be too complex99) According to eBay, what is the key to its success?a)   hard workb)   privacyc)   trustd)   money100) eBay’s ______ lives in the shadow of public order.a)   public orderingb)   private orderingc)   flexible orderingd)   traditional ordering

 

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