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Theories of Drug Addiction
The two theories of selection regarding the topic of drug addiction are the physical dependency theory and the positive reinforcement theory. This paper will, therefore, explain the theories addiction and analyze their strengths and weaknesses as shown below:
Physical dependency theory
According to Lettieri, (1980), the symptoms of withdrawing to ascertain drug always appear if the drug that is being taken has been discontinued by the person who exposed to it. Therefore, these symptoms are always compensatory reaction which tries to oppose the main the drug’s effects. The impacts of withdrawal are always nasty, and therefore, any the decrease in these effects will always lead to negative reinforcement (Lettieri, 1980). These negative reinforcements will,therefore, explain why addicts persist taking the drugs. However, some addicts will try to endure the symptoms of withdrawal to cut down their tolerance and resume drug intake which will be at a lower cost. However, it is very important to emphasise that decline in the withdrawal symptoms doesn’t explain the reason for taking drugs in the first place (Lettieri, 1980). Therefore, negative reinforcement isone of the accounts that may stand for the initial drug intake in some situation.
Positive Reinforcement model
In this case, the nature reinforcing characteristics of the drug become the source of causes of some individuals involving in taking drugs (Lettieri, 1980). As it is well known, positive reinforcement leads to learning of new responses and maintenance of initial behaviors. Therefore, it implies that the probability of behaviors of taking drugs that are of addictive nature will increase (Lettieri, 1980).
The strengths and weaknesses of thephysical dependency theory
Regarding the strengths of dependency theory, the theory gives a clear analysis of the inequality which exists between countries that are poor and those countries that are rich. Additionally, it breaks political bonds and provides the reasons as to why developing countriesare being taken advantage by the rich countries. However, one of the weakness that dependency theory bears in being more ideological than realistic (Szabo & Griffiths, 2004).
Strengths and weaknesses of positive reinforcement theory
Regarding the strengths of positive reinforcement model, the theory attempts to explain a wide range of phenomena including but not limited to learning new language and phobias. Therefore, it has a practical advantage particularly in learning (Szabo & Griffiths, 2004). However, as a weakness of positive reinforcement theory, it does not work with everybody, hence, limiting its strength.
However, approaches to treatment thatare applied in the positive reinforcement theory are such as receiving guiding and counseling by the experts as well as sharing experiences with other addicts. On the other hand, the dependency theory involves complete abstinence from drug intake such as alcohol.
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